DOI: 10.18503/2658-3186-2021-5-4-11-15
Abstract: The activity on improving technology in the producers’ artels of the Chelyabinsk region is presented. The lower chronological frame of the study is determined by the end of the post-war recovery period, and the upper one is determined by the nationalization of the non-state sector of the economy in 1960. It is shown that in the case when workers felt they were the owners of the enterprise, they were interested in improving the character, conditions and productivity of their work, since they saw in this is getting rid of excessive self-exploitation, the fruits of which were largely appropriated by higher structures. A creative attitude to business was expressed in a variety of innovations. The use of deconstruction, statistical and case study methods made it possible to draw an original conclusion about the steady increase in the number of inventors and rationalizers in the industrial cooperation system throughout the 1950s. In the indicated decade, the number and quality of the submitted and implemented rationalization proposals has increased. This circumstance led to a significant increase in both the overall profitability of production cooperatives and the individual income of their members. A characteristic feature of this process was the possibility of wide dissemination of advanced achievements through the press, a specialized magazine, special bulletins, as well as departmental meetings and conferences. Moral and material encouragement of the best teams' efforts has led to the fact that the enthusiasm for progressive undertakings has become widespread. Press releases and collections describing original engineering designs and fixtures were in high demand. Positive changes in the equipment of the artels and in the educational and qualification level of their personnel contributed to the formation of a special “cooperative” social identity. This worried the ruling «communist nomenklatura», as it did not correspond to the Marxist «orthodoxy». In the Russian Federation, creativity and new ideas can be an effective factor in the development of small businesses.
Keywords: cooperative industry, Chelyabinsk region, 1950s, innovation and invention, technological structure.
Author:
Andrey A. Pass, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Political Sciences and International Relations of the Historical and Philological Faculty of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Chelyabinsk State University», Chelyabinsk, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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For citation
Pass A. A. Innovation in the Cooperative Industry of the South Urals in the 1950s, Gumanitarno-pedagogicheskie issledovaniya [Humanitarian and pedagogical Research], 2021, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 11–15.