doi: 10.18503/2658-3186-2024-8-3-44-51
Abstract. This article examines the problems of socio-cultural development of the first secret settlements of the Ural nuclear scientists. Based on declassified archival documents and other materials, it is shown that this process was influenced by the primary ideas about “atomic” settlements as small working locations, as well as the secondary nature of solving social problems in comparison with scientific and industrial issues and the need to ensure secrecy. Thus, at the first stage of the Ural nuclear complex creation, nuclear scientists had to experience many difficulties of a social and domestic nature. The sphere of trade, public catering and household services seriously lagged behind the needs of the rapidly growing population of the settlements. Landscaping work around the existing and commissioned residential buildings was extremely slow. Later, as new, more powerful nuclear facilities were built and put into operation, the country's leadership and the atomic agency began to direct huge financial and material resources to solving housing and socio-cultural problems in “closed” settlements. The article notes that an important role in the creating of the material base of culture, spiritual and intellectual life was played by the scientific director of the atomic project, academician I.V. Kurchatov. The uniqueness of the socio-cultural environment of the classified Ural nuclear cities created over 35-40 years, which differs from other settlements in Russia in many of its high indicators, is emphasized.
Keywords: the USSR nuclear project, “closed” cities, cultural institutions, housing, city-forming nuclear enterprises
Information about the author
Tolstikov V. S. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History, Museology and document management of The Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture and Arts.
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For citation: Tolstikov V. S. Socio-cultural environment formation in the “closed” nuclear cities in the Urals (1945-1991), Gumanitarno-pedagogicheskie issledovaniya = Humanitarian and pedagogical Research, 2024, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 44–51. (In Russ.). doi:10.18503/2658-3186-2024-8-3-44-51.