DOI: 10.18503/2658-3186-2021-5-3-27-36
Abstract. The article analyzes the social status, composition and dynamics of the structure of a new social group called «former people», which appeared since 1918. It is shown that the origins of its appearance were the provisions of the decree «On the destruction of estates and civil ranks», adopted on November 10, 1917, and the Constitution of the RSFSR in 1918. The core of the social group of the «former» was originally made up of people deprived of their rank, title or rank, giving them and their family members a privileged status. Comparison of the categories of persons deprived of voting rights, «former people» and «enemies of the people» shows that their composition mostly overlaps. It is concluded that the structure of the social group «former» was amorphous. Depending on the change in the political situation, it included those social strata whose political position was opposite to the policy of the Soviets. Decrees on the redistribution of property in the conditions of the «Reds’» victory in the Civil War turned representatives of the former possessing classes (hence the name «former») into a marginal group. There was revealed the role of the Criminal Code of 1922, the Civil Code of 1922 and the Criminal Code of 1926 in the regulation of the situation for the «former» group. The measures of social protection applied in the Soviet state (exile, expulsion) were also considered. Gradually, in the public consciousness, the categories of «former» and «enemies of the people» began to converge. The change in the political situation led to the increase of repressions against the «former», while the personal loyalty of individual people who did not adhere to the Bolsheviks until October 1917 was not taken into account.
Keywords: «former people», nobles, tsarist officials, white cossacks, white officers, legal status.
Аuthors:
Mariya I. Miroshnichenko, Associate Professor, Ph.D. in History, Professor, Department of Russian and foreign history, Institute of Media and Social Sciences and Humanities, South Ural State University (SUSU), Chelyabinsk, Russia; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Vera A. Zhuravleva Associate Professor, Ph.D. in History, Professor, Department of Socio-Legal Sciences and Humanities, The branch of South Ural State University (SUSU), Zlatoust, Russia; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..
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For citation
Miroshnichenko M. I., Zhuravleva V. A. «Former People»: Structure and Features of the Regulatory and Legal Status, Gumanitarno-pedagogicheskie issledovaniya [Humanitarian and pedagogical Research], 2021, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 27–36.